Journals

TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL DISPLAY IN IMPLEMENTING THE JUNIORSECONDARY CIVIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN COVID-19 ERA IN OYO, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT

Implementation of a school curriculum is all encompassing in that the teacher, the curriculum and the students are the major elements to make learning take place. This study examined the pedagogy employed in the teaching and learning of Civic Education (CE) in junior secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. This was with the view to ensuring effective Civic Education curriculum implementation. The population of the study consisted of all Civic education teachers in Oyo State and the sample comprised 60 teachers who were purposively selected because they specifically teach Civic Education using multistage sampling technique. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting three Local Government Areas out of the six in Oyo town. Ten schools were selected from the three LGAs each, using simple random sampling technique totalling 30 schools in all. Two Civic Education teachers in each of the 30 schools totalling 60 teachers were selected. The study adopted a survey research design. A research instrument titled: Civic Education Teaching Pedagogy Assessment Scale (CETPAS) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics using percentages were used for data analysis. The teaching pedagogies extracted factors, underlining methods commonly adopted in the teaching and learning of Civic Education were found to be 69.82% of the observed variance. The study concluded that, there were available teachers of Civic Education in terms of certificate in the study area. However, teaching methods were employed based on the available facilities. Recommendations were made as follows: Teachers should use varied pedagogies of teaching to show level of creativity and mastery of subject matter; government should see to thorough school supervision and inspection in order to achieve effective curriculum implementation through the use of relevant and varied teaching pedagogies

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CURRICULUM OF LIFESKILLS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY EDUCATION AMONG TEACHERS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT
These papers examine secondary school teachers’ knowledge of life skills curriculum for quality education in North-central Nigeria. This study identified area that the secondary schools teacher requires techniques in training for life skills that are in the curriculum. These include brain storming, storytelling, debates, discussion, role playing, buzz group, games and situation analysis. The population of the study consisted of 446 N.C.E and graduate teachers from the six states of Northcentral Nigeria. A sample size of 223 respondents was drawn from all the secondary school in the North-Central Nigeria, which represented 50% of the population using the proportionate sampling technique. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. A structured questionnaire titled “Assessment of knowledge regarding curriculum of life skills(r=0.89) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used and Data collected were analyzed with frequency and percentage. Finding from the result shows that Secondary School teachers in the North Central Nigeria are professional and qualified with knowledge regarding curriculum of life skills to develop quality education in secondary schools and NCE teachers are not qualified to teach in senior secondary school. Among the recommendations isthat academic qualifications, and the development programme obtained by secondary school teacher should be used to assess knowledge about curriculum of life skills.

DETERMINATION OF TEACHERS’ CAPACITY-BUILDING NEEDS FOR DIGITAL LEARNING IN GHANA

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ABSTRACT
This study determines teachers’ capacity-building needs for digital learning in Ghana. As part of the National Teaching Council (NTC) Ghana’s agreement with the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) project on Integration of Technology in Teaching, Learning and Assessment (ITTLA), teachers’ capacity-building needs were determined. The study adopted the descriptive research design with a population consisting of educational professionals and experts in Ghana. The convenience sampling technique was adopted to collect data using a questionnaire that was designed with online Google Forms with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.87. A total of 466 questionnaires were completed and submitted online. It was found that the key contents needed for providing capacity-building for teachers were learning material development, digital skills, methods of teaching, effective content delivery, generating interest among students, providing learner support, choosing appropriate media, among others. Furthermore, it was identified that the resources needed for providing capacity building for teachers were android/smart mobile phone, laptop/PC, iPad/tablet, internet data, and internet access. The study, therefore, concluded that there are needs for contents and resources for the teacher capacity-building on digital learning in Ghana, and recommended the use of the identified content and resources for building the capacity of teachers in digital application in teaching and learning.

STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL EXPERIENCES WHEN SOLVING PROBABILITY PROBLEMS IN GRADE 11 CLASSROOMS

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ABSTRACT
This paper reports on students’ mathematical experiences in Tshwane West district when solving probability problems. There were 380 grade 11 mathematics students and their teachers who were studied. A purposive sampling process that prioritized the critical case sampling technique was used. The study targeted schools in the Tshwane West District in South Africa, with poor mathematical performance in grade 12 in the last three years before the study. The study was a combination research using a sequential explanatory design. Students’ experiences in analysing, solving and communicating probability problems were studied. A diagnostic test was administered to gauge students’ mathematical problem-solving performance, while subsequent semi-structured interviews and lesson observations sourced qualitative data. The findings show that students lacked procedural and conceptual knowledge to solve probability problems. Analysis of qualitative data highlighted instances of students’ low interest towards the probability topic. These findings may carry important implications for educational stakeholders to develop effective instructional strategies to boost student problem-solving abilities.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: INITIAL OBSERVATIONS AMONG BASIC SCHOOL TEACHERS IN TWO MUNICIPAL EDUCATION DIRECTORATES IN VOLTA REGION OF GHANA.

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ABSTRACT
This study focused on the implementation of the Continuous Professional Development and Learning (CPDL), an aspect of the Pre-tertiary Educational Curriculum in Ghana. The study employed descriptive survey design using observation and questionnaires as the instruments for data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentage distribution and description of what was observed. Five and ten circuits were identified in the Kpando and Hohoe Municipal Educational Directorates respectively where the study took place. In all, the research team observed the Professional Learning Community (CPL) session in ten and two sampled schools conveniently in Kpando and Hohoe Municipalities respectively. Again, 120 participants from the two municipalities were conveniently sampled to respond to the questionnaire. The study revealed that the CPDL which was instituted alongside the implementation of the National Pre-tertiary Curriculum in order to sustain and improve the teaching and learning in basic schools in Ghana is not effectively being organized. However, it was established that, Kpando Educational Directorate is doing well in attending the PLC as compared to Hohoe Educational Directorate who is struggling to organize one. Our observation established that non-availability of trained coaches (subject leads) and absence or relaxed monitoring of the PLC sessions, are contributing factors affecting the effective implementation and sustainability of the CPD program. The paper suggests an intensive training for School Improvement Support Officers to familiarize themselves with the Standard Curriculum for effective monitoring and coaching practices. It is also recommended that to train subject leads in the various schools to support the organization and sustenance of the PLC sessions in the schools to enhance learning outcomes.

ENHANCING STUDENTS’ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE THROUGH UTILIZATION OF ETHNO-MATHEMATICS AND ETHNO-BASIC SCIENCE IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA.

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ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effect of ethno-mathematics and ethno-basic science on students’ academic
performance in Calabar Municipality. The study adopted a quasi-experimental pretest posttest design.
The population comprised all the four thousand, five hundred and seventy-six (4,576) Junior
Secondary School Studentsin the fourteen (14) Government-owned schools in the study area. Four(4)
schools were randomly selected as sample with two (2) schools selected for experimental group and the
other two (2) for control group with the total number of 160 students (an intact class of eighty students
in each of the groups). The instrument used for data collection was Mathematics and Basic Science
Achievement Test (MBSAT) comprising 25 questions on mathematics for section A and 25 questions on
basic science for section B which were scored separately. The instrument went through face and
content validity with the reliability coefficient of 0.89 and 0.78 respectively using Kuder Richardson
(KR21). Four research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations while the four hypotheses were tested using t-test statistic at 0.05 level of significance.
Major findings of the study revealed that ethno-mathematics and ethno-basic science enhances effective learning of mathematics and basic science. The mean performance score difference between
male and female students was negligible, thus the strategy is gender friendly. It was thus recommended among others that Junior Secondary School teachers should adopt the use of ethno-mathematics and ethno-basic science in the teaching of these subjects.

E-TEACHING AND LEARNING IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF CONTRADICTIONS: EXPERIENCES OF ADULT EDUCATION STUDENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

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ABSTRACT
Technology has become an indispensable instructional tool in the contemporary world. The circumstances of today’s education environment make it crucial for distance education and e-learning institutions to adopt technology for instruction and student support. University of South Africa supports its undergraduate students via e-tutors who are appointed for every 200 students scattered all over the country. E-tutors explain the content and discourse of specific modules and guide students in academic writing. Although all registered students are assigned to e-tutors many of them do not participate in the online learning activities. The paradox of not participating in free available learner support tutorials requested by the students themselves motivated this investigation. The objective of the study was to find out why many students fail to patronise the e-tutorials; the academic support they have requested. Sixty (60) first year undergraduate students in adult education participated in the case study which revealed that most countryside students do not participate in e-tutoring either because of computer illiteracy, lack of access to computer or internet facilities.

ICT, COMPUTERS, INTERNET AND CYBER SECURITY IN EDUCATION SYSTEM

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ABSTRACT
Today’s society is technology, or a technological driven one and ICT dependent enhanced by educational learning. As it revolves and evolves, we have now arrived at the age of the ‘Big Data’, ‘Internet of Things ( IoTs)’, ‘Automation’, ‘Cyber Security’, ‘Cloud Computing’, etc. All these were acquired through education and to proffer solutions to problems including insecurity. It is pervasive, affecting all areas of human existence. The internet and computer users, is at the heart of office activities, and thus use these technologies to a very large extent in carrying out their functions. Concerns about digital security and other related issues abound. This review paper highlights some of these ICT tools used via computer, and fears regarding cyber security threat. Most importantly, the researcher, who is also ICT expert undergoing a Ph.D study on Computational Intelligent, raised alarm on the need for us all to examine our individual roles, and tread on the side of caution while using these technological tools. Internet plays a huge part in the daily performance of every user of ICT to carry-out their functions which could be bad or good. For official, personal and family transactions, computer users’ uses for daily collections and stores a wide range of confidential information on computers and transmit to other computers across different networks. Although, the internet offers wide range of opportunities for the users to communicate with ease, socialize, achieve, improved job performance and maintain close relationship with others across the globe but there are also risks in other hand. Internet fraud, one of the evils of our time, is becoming a big threat to the society and individuals whose daily activities depend on the use of the computer technology. Online criminals have developed a number of sophisticated ways to defraud the unsuspecting. Official and personal information shared by the cyber operators on the internet can be hijacked and inappropriately deployed. The exponential increase of this crime in the society has become a strong issue and the cyberspace becoming unsafe. The cyber fraudsters also use the ICT to monitor gas and chemical plants on a safe ground to them for the sales of petroleum products on illegal marketing of the products known as bunkery. The activities of the perpetrators in the oil industries have resulted a negative effect and considerable distress to the nations’ economy and international reputation of the nation. This article provides information that will help the computer and cyber users to be security conscience and as well to understand different methods internet fraudsters adopt their strategies.

INFLUENCE OF VOCATIONAL CONTENTS OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION ON SKILLS ACQUISITION OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FCT, ABUJA, NIGERIA.

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ABSTRACT
The vocational content of the UBE programme is a form of education whose primary aim is to prepare persons for skills acquisition in contributing to societal development. A descriptive survey research design was used. A simple random sampling procedure was adopted. The population of this study is 3, 450 consisting of 58 principals and 3,394 teachers from all the senior public secondary in FCT, Abuja. A questionnaire: Influence of Vocational Content of UBE on Skills Acquisition (QIVCUBESA) was used for data collection. Two research questions were answered, and Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Two hypotheses were tested with chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. The findings reveal that teachers who attend workshops use effective instructional materials in skills acquisition and thereby help teachers improve students’ entrepreneurial skills. However, several factors can limit the practical application of the vocational content of UBE on skills acquisition, such as poorly trained teachers, poor teacher-student relationships, poor strategies for application of the vocational content of UBE and poor application of the vocational content of UBE and skills acquisition of students. This paper provides recommendations for trained teachers in educational background, the smooth relationship between principals and teachers, including government intervention in ensuring the application of the vocational content of UBE on students’ skills acquisition for achieving sustainable development.

IMPACT OF SMART BOARD IN PROMOTING POSITIVE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS THE LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN KOSOFE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE

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ABSTRACT
Many teaching methods and strategies have evolved as a result of research efforts in solving the general problems of poor performance in Mathematics. It is a global phenomenon which is not peculiar to Nigerian society alone. Researches at local and international domains have also reported a negative attitude of students towards Mathematics. This study considered a teaching approach of instructional presentation with smart board technology that may elicit interest of students in Mathematics in order to attain a paradigm shift from a negative attitude to a positive attitude. The pretest, post-test control group quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. Two private secondary schools were purposively selected from Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos state. Intact classes were used for control and experimental groups. The experimental group comprised 20 students while the control group has 15 students, making a total of 35 students. Students’ Attitude Towards Mathematics (SATM) with 20 items was the attitude questionnaire used for data collection. SATM was given to Mathematics educators and expert researchers for validation. 20 students outside the study were used for pilot study and the internal consistency of the instrument was found to be; r =0.81. Two research questions raised were answered after analysis with descriptive statistics. The three hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance with the use of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings showed that the use of smart board culminated in better students’ attitude towards Mathematics. There was significant main effect of treatment on students’ attitude to Mathematics. The study concluded that the use of smart board has the potential to improve the attitude of students towards Mathematics. The study recommended that the school management should provide smart board for the teaching of Mathematics and also train teachers on its use.

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